National Art Education Association Manual of Policies and Procedures
The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), also known as the Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) is an airborne system designed to increase cockpit sensation of nearby shipping and service equally a last defense against mid-air collisions. The system monitors airspace around an aircraft for other transponder equipped aircraft that may present a standoff threat. TCAS operates independently of basis-based equipment to provide pilots with guidance on how to avoid a potential collision.
TCAS News
NTSB Issues Final Dominion modifying TCAS reporting Requirements
Dec. 15, 2015
The NTSB published a direct final rule removing a requirement for all TCAS Resolution Advisories (RA) issued in class A airspace to exist reported. Previously operators were required to study a TCAS RA was issued when either (i) an shipping beingness operated on an musical instrument flight rules (IFR) flying programme needed to comply with the RA to avert a substantial risk of collision between ii or more aircraft, or (2) an aircraft was operating in class A airspace. The Federal Register detect explains the original rule was merely intended to allow the NTSB to place, evaluate, and investigate serious incidents where aircraft maneuvers were required to avert a substantial risk of collision. The NTSB believes this goal can nonetheless exist achieved without requiring all RAs issued in class A airspace to be reported.
Review the Direct Final Rule
FAA Issues Find to Increase TCAS II Awareness
June 25, 2012
In collaboration with NBAA, the FAA is working to educate shipping operators well-nigh the importance of reviewing information on the Traffic Alert and Standoff Avoidance Organization (TCAS) II in operations manuals and training programs. The FAA notice explains that operators should consult resources, such equally Advisory Round 120-55 to ensure their TCAS policies and procedures are consistent with FAA guidance. Through the FAA TCAS Operational Performance Assessment program, the agency has adamant that aircraft operated under Parts 91, 91K and 135 of the Federal Aviation Regulations are involved in a high proportion of Resolution Advisories (RAs).
- Review the FAA TCAS Notice
- Revew the FAA TCAS Awareness PowerPoint (3.two MB, PDF)
- Review NBAA Flying Programme Podcast on FAA TCAS Outreach
TCAS Technology and Requirements
The first generation engineering, known as TCAS I is able to monitor the traffic situation around an shipping and provide details on the bearing and altitude of nearby traffic. It tin can also generate collision warnings known as a "Traffic Advisory" (TA). When a TA is issued, the pilot is notified of the threat, but must determine the necessary collision avoidance procedure.
The second generation technology, known as TCAS Ii provides the airplane pilot with specific instructions on how to avert the conflict with traffic. These instructions are known every bit a "Resolution Informational" (RA) and may instruct the airplane pilot to descend, climb, or adjust vertical speed. TCAS Two systems are likewise able to communicate with each other to ensure that the RA provided to each shipping maximizes separation.
Regulatory Requirements
Aircraft registered in the U.S. and operating under Part 91 of the FARs are not required to be equipped with TCAS. However, if an aircraft is equipped, it must exist an approved system operating under the regulations independent in FAR 91.221. For operations conducted nether FAR part 135, the aircraft must be equipped with TCAS if it is turbine powered and has x to 30 passenger seats (FAR 135.180). Whether the aircraft is operated nether part 91 or role 135, if it is equipped with TCAS 2, it must exist version 7 (TSO C-119).
The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) requires ACAS II (effectively TCAS Ii, version 7.1) for all fixed wing turbine powered aircraft that accept a maximum takeoff weight of greater than 5,700 kg (12,566 lbs) or accept more than 19 rider seats. This requirement applies to all flights conducted in European Wedlock airspace.
ICAO Standards
Operators should also be familiar with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) regarding TCAS/ACAS.
For non-commercial shipping, the SARPS in Annex 6, Function two state:
Annex 6 Part II: International General Aviation Aeroplanes
3.6.10 Aeroplanes required to be equipped with
an airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS)
3.6.10.1 Recommendation.— All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of
15 000 kg, or authorized to acquit more 30 passengers, for which the individual airworthiness certificate is first issued
after 24 Nov 2005, should be equipped with an airborne collision avoidance organisation (ACAS II).
three.vi.x.2 All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of fifteen 000 kg or authorized to
carry more than than 30 passengers, for which the private airworthiness certificate is showtime issued later 1 January 2007, shall be
equipped with an airborne collision abstention system (ACAS Ii).
3.vi.10.three Recommendation.— All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of
v 700 kg simply non exceeding 15 000 kg, or authorized to carry more 19 passengers, for which the individual airworthiness
certificate is first issued afterwards 1 Jan 2008, should exist equipped with an airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS 2).
For commercial aircraft, the SARPS in Annex 6, Part one state:
Annex 6 Function I: International Commercial Air Send- Aeroplanes
half dozen.xviii Aeroplanes required to exist equipped with
an airborne collision abstention organisation (ACAS 2)
6.18.1 From 1 Jan 2003, all turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of
15 000 kg or authorized to carry more than 30 passengers shall be equipped with an airborne collision avoidance system
(ACAS II).
6.eighteen.two From ane Jan 2005, all turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated accept-off mass in backlog of
five 700 kg or authorized to comport more than 19 passengers shall be equipped with an airborne collision avoidance system
(ACAS Ii).
6.18.3 Recommendation.— All aeroplanes should be equipped with an airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS 2).
half dozen.xviii.4 An airborne collision avoidance system shall operate in accord with the relevant provisions of Annex ten,
Volume Four.
Source: https://nbaa.org/aircraft-operations/communications-navigation-surveillance-cns/tcas/
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