What Do You Know About the Properties of Elements for a Given Group?
The professor gives data on...;
Dr. Brownish claims that....
one. What does Professor J. Brownish brainstorm his lecture with?
ii. What is the aim of the lecture?
3. What science is chemical science?
4. What does it report?
5. What does a chemical change involve?
vi. What are chemical changes usually accompanied past?
7. What are the edifice blocks of matter?
8. What is synthesis?
9. What is analysis?
x. What are the three states of matter?
Unit of measurement Iii
PERIODIC TABLE AND PERIODIC Law
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TEXTA
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev was built-in in Tobolsk in 1834. In 1850 he entered the Pedagogical Institute in Petrograd to study chemistry. V years later he graduated from it with a aureate medal and was invited to lecture on theoretical and organic chemistry at Petersburg University.
Then, in 1859, he was sent to Germany to continue his education. When he was living abroad, he made a number of important investigations.
The year 1868 was the start of his highly important work Fundamentals of Chemistry. When Mendeleyev was working on the subject area, he analyzed an enormous corporeality of literature, and made thousands of experiments and calculations. This tremendous work resulted in the Periodic Table of the Elements consisting of vertical groups and horizontal periods.
Thank you to his investigations Mendeleyev was able to predict non just the existence of a few unknown elements but their properties as well.
D. I. Mendeleyev was engaged not only in the study of chemistry. He combined theory with applied activity and carried out enormous inquiry in coal, petroleum, iron and steel industries in Russia.
Mendeleyev died in 1907 at the age of 73.
TEXT STUDY
1. �������� ���������� � ������:
Offset name................................................
Middle name .............................................
Family proper name..............................................
Date of birth..............................................
Place of birth.............................................
Nationality...............................................
Occupation...............................................
Qualification..............................................
2. ǒ������� ������ ������� ��������� � ��������� �������:
1. First proper noun a) Are y'all married or single?
two. Middle name b) What practice you do in your free time?
3. Family name c) What's your first name?
4. Nationality d) What do you do?
5. Date of birth e) When were you born?
6. Age f) Where were you born?
7. Place of birth m) What degrees, diplomas do you have?
eight. Permanent address h) What'south your family unit name?
nine. Marital condition i) What nationality are you?
x. Occupation j) What's your middle proper name?
11. Qualification yard) Where practice you alive?
12. Hobbies/Interests 50) How former are yous?
iii. ������� ��������� ii ������ ���� �������������.
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TEXT B
THE PERIODIC Tabular array OF D.I.MENDELEYEV
There are sure natural groupings amongst the chemic elements in which every element is closely related to the other elements in its group. In social club to understand meliorate these groupings, chemists take tried to fit the elements into a single plan.
One of the earlier attempts to fit the relationships among the elements into a unmarried law was made past John Newlands in England, who suggested the Constabulary of Octaves.
This concept of the periodic repetition of properties was further adult past a Russian pharmacist D. Mendeleyev who created Periodic Table in which he bundled the elements according to the their atomic weights and corresponding chemical properties.
D.I. Mendeleyev listed the elements known at the fourth dimension (1869) in the order of their atomic weights from the lightest to the heaviest. The elements were arranged in a table of eight columns; elements having similar backdrop appeared in the same column or groups in the table. Mendeleyev even predicted that there were undiscovered elements and empty spaces in this table for the new discoveries.
At that place are many ways the Periodic Table can exist used.
The table can be used to find the atomic number. The atomic weight is also indicated in the table.
The orbital arrangement of electrons is shown for each of the elements. The common oxidation states are given. For virtually elements these numbers are the aforementioned as the valence numbers.
The table enables us to recognize families of elements. For example, copper (29), silver (47), and gilt (79) volition all be found in the same column. They have similar backdrop and are considered a chemical family. And at concluding the table can exist used to predict the backdrop of the elements. The fact that the Periodic Table tin assist in predicting properties of elements has helped in the discovery of missing elements.
DISCUSSION
1. ����� ������ �� ���������:
1. What certain natural groupings are there amongst the chemical elements? ii. What accept chemists tried to do in order to empathize ameliorate these groupings? three. By whom was one of the starting time attempts to fit the relationships among the elements made? 4. By whom was developed the concept of the periodic repetition of properties? 5. What columns are there in the Periodic Table? half-dozen. What did Mendeleyev predict? seven. What are the means the Periodic Table can be used?
TEXT C
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The story of how D. I. Mendeleyev established the Periodic Organization of Elements has long been a thing of groovy interest to research workers.
When Mendeleyev began to teach at Petrograd University, chemistry was still far from being the well-ordered and harmonious co-operative of science that we know today.
The great majority of scientists were firmly convinced that atoms of different elements were in no way continued with each other, and that they were quite independent particles of nature. Merely a few advanced scientists realized that there must exist a full general system of laws which regulates the behaviour of atoms of each and every element. All the same, the few attempts fabricated by Beguyer de Chancourtois, Newlands, Lother Meyer and others to find a system of laws controlling the behaviour of atoms were unsuccessful and exercised no influence on Mendeleyev, the hereafter founder of the Periodic System of Elements.
"Mendeleyev was a human who could not comport whatever kind of disorder and anarchy," writes Academician A. A. Boikov. "This is why at the beginning of his course in chemical science at St. Petersburg University, where he had been appointed to the section of chemistry, D. I. had to establish lodge in the chemic elements."
By comparing of chemical properties of different elements researchers had long ago discovered that elements could exist placed in several groups according to similarity in their properties.
Mendeleyev practical in his system the principles that he developed and included in his table the listing of the elements according to increasing weights.
Because he had the insight to see that many elements had not yet been discovered, he left open spaces in the Periodic Table. For case, he predicted that an unknown element with atomic weight of 44 would be found for the space following calcium. And in 1879 the Swedish chemist Lars Fredric Nilson discovered scandium.
Mendeleyev's table developed into the modern Periodic Table, one of the most important tools in chemistry. The vertical columns of the modern Periodic Tabular array are called groups and the horizontal rows are called periods. The atomic number of an chemical element is the number of protons in the nucleus of the cantlet of that element. The modern Periodic Table not only clearly organizes all the elements, it lucidly illustrates that they form "families" in rational groups, based on their characteristics.
TEXT Report
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i. Mendeleyev could foresee the beingness of new elements because he was very gifted.
ii. Scientists of Mendeleyev's time didn't believe that elements are connected with each other.
iii. Mendeleyev'due south grapheme made him order the elements.
4. Mendeleyev's piece of work on the Periodic Table and the Periodic Law has long interested scientists.
5. In that location were some scientists' attempts to find a organization to guild the elements but they failed.
vi. Thanks to Mendeleyev modern chemistry uses the clearly developed Periodic System equally the chief musical instrument.
2. ���������� ����� �� ��������� �������� �� ����� ������ �� �������� ���������:
i. Where did Mendeleyev outset ordering the elements?
a) at school;
b) at St. Petersburg University;
c) abroad.
ii. Why did Mendeleyev turn to ordering the elements? Considering:
a) other scientists' attempts failed;
b) he had talent;
c) he didn't like disorder.
iii. What did the researchers effort to exercise to find some order of the elements?
a) they compared different properties;
b) they read scientific literature;
c) they denied the earlier attempts of the scientists.
four. How did Mendeleyev listing the elements?
a) according to their names;
b) according to their diminutive weights;
c) according to their chemical symbols.
5. What did scientists of Mendeleyev'south time think about atoms of dissimilar elements?
a) they were independent particles of nature;
b) they were closely connected;
c) they belonged to a well-ordered system.
three. ������� �������� ���������� ��������� ������, ������������� �� ������� � ������ �:
1. inquiry worker ten. to practise 18. applied
2. well-ordered 11. to influence 19. increasing
3. majority 12. could not bear 20. insight
four. firmly 13. had been appointed 21. for instance
5. were convinced 22. weight
6. particles 14. disorder 23. tools
7. advanced 15. comparing 24. nucleus
8. realized 16. co-ordinate to 25. lucidly
9. unsuccessful 17. similarity 26. density
4. �������� �������� � ������ three �� ������ 4:
a) to affect i) for instance r) properly organized
b) investigator j) centre southward) in agreement with
c) were sure k) very small bits t) thickness
d) unlucky 1) understood u) used
e) resolutely m) to exert v) disliked very much
f) progressive due north) chaos w) intuitive cognition
m) had been given o) likeness x) heaviness
a position p) making greater y) clearly
h) instruments q) collation z) a greater number
TEXT D
������ ���������� ��������� ����� �� ������� �����, �� ������� ������:
1. History of Scientific Discoveries.
2. Mendeleyev'south Contribution to Chemistry.
3. Elements of the Periodic Table.
four. The Periodic Organisation of Elements.
In spite of the importance of the contributions that had been made earlier, the greatest portion of credit for the evolution of the Periodic System must undoubtedly go to the Russian scientist, D. I. Mendeleyev. The agreement that the backdrop of the elements can exist represented as periodic functions of their diminutive weights fabricated possible classification that has suffered few pregnant changes in the subsequent years. In March of 1869 D. I. Mendeleyev published his first description of the Periodic System in which he gave the arrangement of the elements in terms of their increasing atomic weights. He fully realized the importance of this periodicity. In his first commodity D. I. Mendeleyev pointed out the similarities of a number of properties of certain elements and changed the order of diminutive weights where necessary in order to take the grouping similarity. D. I. Mendeleyev left vacant positions in his tabular array for even so undiscovered elements and expressed the stance that the chemical and physical properties of the elements would exist discovered, as he predicted, from their positions in the table. In the summer of 1871 D. I. Mendeleyev published a more than comprehensive work and chosen it the Periodic Law. At this time he presented the more familiar course of the Periodic Table and although information technology differs somewhat from the one we use today, it is in general the same. In his publication of 1871 D. I. Mendeleyev used the periodic graphic symbol to predict the properties of the elements which would be later described as those of scandium, gallium, and germanium. The remarkable agreement of the properties of these elements as they had been described by Mendeleyev and those that were observed later is without doubt a complete justification of D. I. Mendeleyev's faith in his Periodic Law. In December 1945 Glenn Seaberg made his first publication of a Periodic Tabular array which described a new actinide series beginning with actinium. He said that American scientists were proud and happy to accolade the name of D. I. Mendeleyev past calling chemical element 101 "mendelevium".
TEXT STUDY
1. �������� ������ ����� �� ������ D � ����������� �������:
Plan:
1. Appearance of the Periodic Police.
2. Discovery of "Mendelevium".
3. Similarities of Elements' Properties.
4. The Inventor of the Periodic System of Elements.
2. ������������ ����������� ������ � Unit III ������ ����������� ��� ������� ��������� �.�. �����뺺��.
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i. �������� �.�. The Earth of Chemistry. ���������� ���� ��� �������. �������. � 3-� ���., ���. � �.: ���, 2005. � 256 �., ��.
2. �������� �.�., ͳ������� �.�. ��������� ���� ��� ����������� ����. � ii-�� ���., ����������. � �.: ������������� �����������. 2006. � 407 �.
3. ����������� �. �., ����� �.�. ���������� ����. ������� ��� �������� � ������� ��������� ������-��������������� �����. � �.: ����. ��., 1991�. � 144 �.: ��.
4. �������� �.�., ���������� �.�. ������������ ���������� ����������� ����� � ������������ � �������. � �.: �����, 2001. � 718 �.
5. ����� �.�., ����� �.�. ��������� ������� ��������� ����: �������. � �.: �����, 2004.
6. ���� �.�. ��������, ���������, ������, ������, �������� ����: ϳ������� ��� ����. ������. ���-�� ���. � �.: �������, 2004.
seven. Virginia Evans. Longman. Circular-up. English Grammar volume. � 2004.
8. Eckersley and Macaulay. Brighter Grammar. ����� ���������� ����������� ����� � ������������. � �.: ������������� ���������, 1993.
ix. Lana Green. English language self-correcting exercises. � �.: �����, 2001.
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